![]() ![]() The guidelines recommend that, during a 24-h day, pre-school children (aged 3–4 years) accumulate at least 180 min (min) physical activity (PA) – of which at least 60 min should be at moderate- to vigorous-intensity (MVPA), engage in no more than 1 h sedentary screen time (e.g. In 2019, the WHO released Global guidelines for these movement behaviours for children under 5 years of age. Throughout a typical day, young children’s movement includes sleep, sedentary time and light- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, the latter mostly in the form of play, collectively referred to as 24-h movement behaviours. While these measures were essential to protect the public’s health, some unintended consequences may have resulted from these restrictions. In most nations, physical distancing measures and requirements to remain at home placed unprecedented restrictions on children’s ability to be active. With the emergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 2019 and subsequent global pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, governments implemented strategies to prevent the spread of the virus and protect their citizens. Ensuring children can access an outdoor space, and supporting parents’ mental health are important prerequisites for enabling pre-schoolers to practice healthy movement behaviours and meet the Global guidelines. PA and SST levels of children from LMICs have been less impacted by COVID-19 than in HICs. Children of parents with higher compared to lower stress were less likely to meet all three guidelines (AdjOR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3,0.9). ![]() Children who could go outside during COVID-19 were more likely to meet all WHO Global guidelines (AdjOR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.1,9.8) than those who were not. Children from LMICs were more likely to meet the PA (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.0, 95%Confidence Interval 1.0,3.8) and SST (AdjOR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2,3.9) guidelines than their high-income country (HIC) counterparts. Nine hundred- forty-eight parents completed the survey at both time points. Compliance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) Global guidelines for PA (180 min/day ), SST (≤1 h/day) and sleep (10-13 h/day) for children under 5 years of age, was determined. At Time 2, COVID-19 factors including level of restriction, environmental conditions, and parental stress were measured. Physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST) and sleep were assessed via parent survey. Surveys were completed in the 12 months up to March 2020 and again between May and June 2020 (at the height of restrictions). Parents of children aged 3–5 years, from 14 countries (8 low- and middle-income countries, LMICs) completed surveys to assess changes in movement behaviours and how these changes were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This international longitudinal study compared young children’s movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. The restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young children’s daily routines and habits. ![]() Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: a longitudinal study of 14 countriesīMC Public Health volume 21, Article number: 940 ( 2021)
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